NEUROSURGERY INTERNATIONAL
Brain tumours — the term alone can sound daunting. However, understanding what they are, their symptoms, and available treatments can make a significant difference in facing them. This guide provides a clear overview of brain tumours to help you stay informed.
What Are Brain Tumours?
A brain tumour is a mass of abnormal cells growing in the brain. Think of it as a clump of extra tissue that shouldn’t be there. Since the brain controls essential functions —movement, speech, thoughts, and emotions — even a small tumour can cause disruptions. Early detection and treatment are crucial for better outcomes.
Two Main Types: Benign vs. Malignant
Brain tumours are classified into two broad categories:
- Benign tumours: Non-cancerous and typically slow growing, these tumours do not spread to other parts of the body. However, they can still cause problems if they press on critical brain structures.
- Malignant tumours: Cancerous and often aggressive, these tumours can grow quickly and spread within the brain, requiring immediate and intensive treatment.
Common Types of Brain Tumours
There are many types of brain tumours, including:
- Gliomas: Arising from glial cells, which support and protect nerve cells.
- Meningiomas: Developing in the meninges, the protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord.
- Pituitary tumours: Occurring in the pituitary gland, which regulates hormones in the body.
Recognising the Signs: Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms of a brain tumour vary depending on its size, location, and type. Common warning signs include:
- Persistent headaches, often worse in the morning
- Blurred or double vision
- Seizures
- Nausea and vomiting
- Weakness or numbness in the arms or legs
- Changes in personality or behaviour
- Memory loss or difficulty concentrating
- Speech difficulties
If you experience any of these symptoms, consult a doctor as early detection can improve treatment outcomes.
How Are Brain Tumours Diagnosed?
Diagnosing a brain tumour typically involves:
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Uses magnets and radio waves for detailed brain images.
- CT scan (Computed Tomography): Uses X-rays to create cross-sectional images.
- Biopsy: In some cases, a tissue sample is taken and examined to determine the tumour type.
What Causes Brain Tumours?
The exact causes of brain tumours are not fully understood, but some risk factors include:
- Genetic factors: Certain genetic conditions may increase the risk.
- Radiation exposure: High doses of radiation, particularly to the head, may contribute.
- Family history: A family history of brain tumours can be a risk factor.
Treatment Options: Fighting Back
Treatment depends on the tumour type, size, location, and the patient’s overall health. Common approaches include:
- Surgery: Often the first step, especially for benign tumours that can be removed completely.
- Radiation therapy: High-energy rays target and kill tumour cells.
- Chemotherapy: Uses drugs to destroy cancer cells.
- Targeted therapy: Focuses on specific cancer cell characteristics.
- Immunotherapy: Boosts the body’s immune system to fight cancer.
Recovery and Rehabilitation: Getting Back on Track
After treatment, rehabilitation helps patients regain lost functions and improve quality of life. This may involve:
- Physical therapy for mobility and strength recovery.
- Occupational therapy to aid with daily activities.
- Speech therapy if speech or communication is affected.
- Lifestyle adjustments such as a healthy diet and regular exercise.
Take the Next Step:
Brain tumours can be challenging, but early diagnosis and the right treatment can improve outcomes. Understanding the symptoms and treatment options is key to making informed health decisions.
At Orthopaedics International, our specialists provide expert assessment and personalised treatment plans. Schedule an appointment with Dr James Tan, our Neurosurgeon Specialist today and take control of your brain health.
